Evaluation of Different Oil Sources for Nursery Pigs

A total of 210 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 28.9 lb BW) were used in a 21-d trial to evaluate the effects of increasing oil sources on nursery pig growth performance. The 2 oil sources included a commercial source of soybean oil and a proprietary source of corn oil originating from the ethanol industry (Corn Oil ONE, Feed Energy Co., Pleasant Hill, IA). The 5 experimental diets included: a control diet without added oil, diets with 2.5 or 5% added soybean oil, or diets with 2.5 and 5% added corn oil. Diets were formulated with an identical standardized ileal digestible lysine:calorie ratio and were fed in meal form. There were 6 pens per treatment with 7 pigs per pen.


Introduction
Soybean or corn oil can be added to nursery pig diets as highly digestible sources of energy.Because of the high price of soybean or corn oil, feed manufactures have often chosen to include other less expensive fat sources in swine diets, but the recent adoption of fat extraction from dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) at ethanol plants has made corn oil more available and economical.
Corn Oil ONE is a proprietary source of high-quality, refined corn oil supplied by Feed Energy Company (Pleasant Hill, IA) that has lower concentrations of free fatty acids and waxes than crude corn oil.Corn Oil ONE is typically a more economical source of energy than soy oil; however, no data are available to compare the impacts on growth performance of pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of soy oil compared with

SWINE DAY 2014
Corn Oil ONE.Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare Corn Oil ONE and commercially available soy oil on nursery pig growth performance, caloric efficiency, and economics.

Procedures
The protocol for this experiment was approved by the Kansas State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.This experiment was conducted in the nursery facility at the Kansas State University Swine Teaching and Research Center in Manhattan, KS.The facility is a totally enclosed, environmentally controlled, mechanically ventilated barn.Each pen contains a 4-hole, dry self-feeder and a nipple waterer to provide ad libitum access to feed and water.Pens have wire-mesh floors and allow approximately 3 ft 2 /pig.A total of 210 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 28.9 lb BW) were used in a 21-d trial.Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 pens per treatment with 7 pigs per pen.Pigs were weaned from 18 to 25 d of age with weaning age balanced across treatments and were fed a common diet before the start of the experiment.Pig weight and feed disappearance were measured on d 7, 14, and 21 of the trial to determine ADG, ADFI, and F/G.In addition, caloric efficiency was calculated by using the Kcal of ME consumed divided by Kg of gain.The energy values used for soybean (ME = 3,889 kcal/kg; NE = 3,422) and corn oil (ME = 3,891; NE = 3,424) sources were used to calculate the caloric efficiency.
All dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and fed in meal form (Table 1).The 5 experimental diets were: (1) no added fat control diet, diets with (2) 2.5 or (3) 5% added soybean oil, and diets with (4) 2.5 or (5) 5% added corn oil.Diet samples were collected and analyzed for DM, CP, Ca, P, and oil (Ward Laboratories, Inc., Kearney, NE).All diets were balanced with an identical standardized ileal digestible lysine:calorie ratio.Current ingredient prices at the time of the study were used in an economic comparison with soybean oil at $0.40/lb and corn oil at 0.39/lb.Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using PROC MIXED in SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit.Weaning age was included in the model as a random effect.The effects of increasing oil within source were determined by linear and quadratic contrasts.In addition, a comparison was made between the diets containing added oil from either corn or soybean oil.Treatment differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and a tendency from P > 0.05 to P ≤ 0.10.

Results and Discussion
Quality attributes of the two oil sources (Table 2) were similar to expectations and did not differ meaningfully between sources.Complete diet analysis (Table 3) was similar to formulated expectations.
Overall (d 0 to 21), no oil source × level interactions were observed (Tables 4 and 5).Increasing soybean or corn oil had no effect on ADG or final BW.Average daily feed intake decreased (linear, P < 0.03) with increasing oil source, which resulted in an improvement (linear, P < 0.01) in F/G.Caloric efficiency was not influenced by oil source or level, indicating that the energy values assigned to each oil source (NE = 3,422 kcal/lb and NE = 3,383 kcal/lb for soybean oil and corn oil, respectively) were accurate.Total feed cost per pig tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.066) for pigs fed increasing soybean oil, but cost per pound of gain decreased P < 0.032) for both oil sources.Value of the weight gain and income over feed cost was similar among pigs fed corn oil and soybean oil.
In conclusion, adding the dietary oil sources used in this study improved F/G.There were no differences in performance among pigs fed either soybean oil or corn oil.The source of corn oil (Corn Oil ONE) used in this study is a suitable alternative for soybean oil, and cost and availability should dictate its use.

Table 2 .
Chemical analysis of oil sources1

Table 3 .
Chemical analysis of experimental diets1

Table 4 .
Comparison of soybean oil vs. corn oil on nursery pig performance1

Table 5 .
Main effects of oil source and level