Effects of BIOWISH MultiBio 3P on Growth Performance and Effects of BIOWISH MultiBio 3P on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Grow-Finish Pigs Carcass Characteristics of Grow-Finish Pigs

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Introduction
A balanced intestinal microbiota is intimately related to swine health and efficient utilization of dietary nutrients for growth. 3The movement of the swine industry towards restricting the usage of antibiotic growth promoters prompts the selection of an ideal alternative to compensate for the lost benefits of in-feed antibiotics in swine diets.

Swine Day 2018
Probiotics appear to be a safe and effective feed additive that can improve gut health, nutrient utilization, and growth performance of pigs by enhancing the proliferation of certain species of benign bacteria in the gut at the expense of undesirable ones. 4me probiotics have been shown to increase average daily gain and improve feed efficiency in growing and finishing pigs. 5However, the effects of probiotics are not consistent due to variations in microbial strains, inclusion rate, duration of usage, environmental factors, and husbandry practices. 6Therefore, the characterization of the effects of probiotics in pigs depends upon extensive research.BIOWISH MultiBio 3P (BIOWISH Technologies Inc., Cincinnati, OH) is a multi-species direct-fed microbial product based on lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis.However, this particular feed additive has not been previously evaluated in swine.Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of BIOWISH MultiBio 3P on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs in a commercial environment.

Procedures
The Kansas State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the protocol used in this experiment.The study was conducted at a commercial research facility in southwestern Minnesota.The barn was naturally ventilated and doublecurtain-sided.Each pen was equipped with a 4-hole stainless steel dry self-feeder and a cup waterer for ad libitum access to feed and water.Feed additions to each individual pen were made and recorded by a robotic feeding system (FeedPro, Feedlogic Corp.,  Wilmar, MN).
A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initially 57 lb BW) were used in a 121-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 22 pens per treatment.Pigs were allotted to treatments based on initial BW in a randomized complete block design.
Dietary treatments were arranged in a 1-way treatment structure: Control and Biowish (BIOWISH MultiBio 3P, BIOWISH Technologies Inc., Cincinnati, OH) added at 1.1 lb/ton.This amount was the manufacturer's recommended inclusion level.The guaranteed analysis of BIOWISH MultiBio 3P is detailed in Table 1.
Ca and P by Midwest Laboratories (Omaha, NE) and the average estimates between the laboratories are reported.
Pens of pigs were weighed and feed disappearance was measured approximately every two weeks to determine ADG, ADFI, and F/G.On d 102, the 3 heaviest pigs in each pen were weighed and marketed according to the farm marketing strategy.On d 121, final pen weights were taken and pigs were tattooed with a pen identification number and transported to a USDA-inspected packing plant (JBS Swift and Co., Worthington, MN) for processing and carcass data collection.Carcass measurements included HCW, backfat, loin depth, and lean percentage.Percentage lean was calculated from plant proprietary equation.Carcass yield was calculated by dividing the pen average HCW by the pen average final live weight obtained at the farm.
Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model with treatment as fixed effect, block as random effect, and pen as the experimental unit.Hot carcass weight was used as a covariate for analyses of backfat, loin depth, and lean percentage.Statistical models were fitted using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS Version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.

Results and Discussion
The analyzed DM, CP, NDF, ether extract, Ca, and P content of experimental diets were consistent with formulated estimates (Table 3).
In Phase 1 (d 0 to 28), there was no evidence for differences in ADG, ADFI, F/G, or BW between treatments.In Phase 2 (d 28 to 56), ADG and BW were increased (P < 0.043) in control pigs compared to pigs fed the Biowish diet, but there was no evidence for differences in ADFI or F/G.In Phase 3 (d 56 to 86), no evidence for differences was observed on ADG, ADFI, or F/G between dietary treatments, but control pigs were heavier (P < 0.018) than Biowish pigs at the end of Phase 3. In Phase 4 (d 86 to 121), ADFI increased (P < 0.003) in control pigs compared to Biowish pigs, but there was no evidence for differences (P > 0.05) in ADG or F/G.Overall (d 0 to 121), pigs fed the control diet had greater ADG (P < 0.024) and final BW (P < 0.001) compared to pigs fed the Biowish diet.There was no evidence for differences in ADFI or F/G.The difference in final BW resulted in heavier (P < 0.026) HCW in control pigs compared to Biowish pigs, but no evidence for differences was observed in yield, backfat, loin depth, and lean percentage between dietary treatments (Table 4).
In conclusion, the inclusion of BIOWISH MultiBio 3P in growing-finishing diets decreased ADG in this commercial study.This response could be related to inclusion rate or other factors not identified in this study.Because a dose titration study has not been conducted in swine, the optimal inclusion rate for BIOWISH MultiBio 3P might be different than the concentration used in this trial.

Table 3 .
Chemical analysis of experimental diets (as-fed basis) 1Diet samples from each phase were taken from 6 feeders per dietary treatment throughout the study.Composite samples were homogenized, subsampled, and submitted to Ward Laboratories Inc. (Kearney, NE) for analysis.Composite samples were additionally analyzed for Ca and P by Midwest Laboratories (Omaha, NE) and the average estimates between the laboratories were reported.

Table 4 .
Effects of BIOWISH MultiBio 3P on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs 1