•  
  •  
 

Keywords

risk tolerance, birth order, self-assessed risk, life change risk

Abstract

The influence of birth order on personality has been studied for several decades, but little research has been conducted on the association between sibling position and risk tolerance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between being an only child and risk-taking attitudes. Data from the 2010 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 sample was used to test the hypotheses that only children and first borns are similar, only children exhibit a lower risk tolerance when compared to those with siblings, and only children exhibit a lower risk tolerance when compared to those with siblings when first borns are removed and only borns are compared with later borns. Results did show that only children are similar to first borns in nearly every domain of risk tolerance considered. Furthermore, they do not exhibit dramatically different risk attitudes than those with siblings when the variables of sex, locus of control, and net worth are controlled.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License

References

Adams, B. N. (1972). Birth order: A critical review. Sociometry, 35, 411-439.

Adler, A. (1928). Characteristics of the first, second, and third child. Children, 3, 14-52.

Adler, A. (1964). Problems of neurosis. New York: Harper and Row.

Behrman, J. R., & Taubman, P. (1986). Birth order, schooling, and earnings. Journal of Labor Economics, 4, S121-S145.

De Fruyt, F., & Bartels, M. (2006). Five types of personality continuity in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 538-552. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.538

Ernst, C., & Angst, J. (1983). Birth order: Its influence on personality. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Falbo, T., & Polit, D. F. (1986). Quantitative review of the only child literature: Research evidence and theory development. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 176-189. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/203482395?accountid=34741

Freese, J., Powell, B., & Steelman, L. C. (1999). Rebel without a cause or effect: Birth order and social attitudes. American Sociological Review, 64, 207-231.

Gilliam, J., & Chatterjee, S. (2011). The influence of birth order on financial risk tolerance. Journal of Business and Economics Research, 9(4), 43-50. Retrieved from http://www.academyfinancial.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/1C-Gilliam-Chatterjee.pdf

Grable, J. E. (2008). Risk Tolerance. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Financial Behavior Research (pp. 1-20). New York: Springer.

Grable, J. E., & Britt, S. L. (2011). An investigation of response bias associated with electronically delivered risk-tolerance assessment. Journal of Financial Therapy, 2(1), Article 5. doi.org/10.4148/jft.v2i1.1347

Grable, J. E., & Rabbani, A. (2013). Describing risk tolerance: Does a risk characterization portrait exist? In Bell, M. M., & V. J. Mason (Eds.), Proceeding of the Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education (pp. 67-75). Alexandria, VA: AFCPE.

Harris, J. R. (2006). No two alike: Human nature and human individuality. New York: W.W. Norton.

Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), 12-25.

Koselka, R., & Shook, C. (1997, March 10). Born to rebel? Or born to conserve? Forbes, 146-153. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1997/0310/5905146a.html

Lawson, D. M., & Brossart, D. F. (2004). The association between current intergenerational family relationships and sibling structure. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82, 472-482. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/219024302?accountid=34741

Lindert, P. H. (1977). Sibling position and achievement. The Journal of Human Resources, 12, 198-219. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/202693174?accountid=34741

Mazumder, B. (2008). Sibling similarities and economic inequality in the U.S. Journal of Population Economics, 21, 685-701. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-006-0127-2

Podaras, L. (2013, October 7). Birth order and finance. Money Matters 360 Blog. www.moneymatters360.com.

Roszkowski, M.J. (1999). Risk tolerance in financial decisions. In D. M. Cordell (ed.), Fundamentals of Financial Planning (pp. 179-248). Bryn Mawr, PA: The American College.

Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs General and Applied, 80(1, Whole No. 609).

Sampson, E. E., & Hancock, F. T. (1967). An examination of the relationship between ordinal position, personality, and conformity: An extension, replication, and partial verification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 398-407.

Seff, M., Gecas, V., & Frey, J. H. (1993). Birth order: Self-concept, and participation in dangerous sports. The Journal of Psychology, 127, 221-232.

Sulloway, F. J. (1995). Birth order and evolutionary psychology: A meta-analytic overview. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 75-80. Retrieved from http://www.sulloway.org/Birth%20Order%20and%20Evolutionary%20Psychology%20(1995).pdf

Sulloway, F.J. (1997). Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. Boston: Pantheon.

USC. (2009). Economists study birth order and risk aversion. University of South Carolina Blog. http://www.sc.edu/news/newsarticle.php?nid=488#.UwufPYVe6So.

Weber, E. U., Blais, A-R., & Betz, N E. (2002). A domain-specific risk-attitude scale: Measuring risk perceptions and risk behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15, 263-290. doi:10.1002/bdm.414

Zajonc, R. B., & Markus, G. B. (1975). Birth order and intellectual development. Psychological Review, 82, 74-88.

Share

COinS