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Editors

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Editor
Editor Title
Editor

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station faculty members conduct research in nearly all areas of agricultural production. This online collection of research reports publishes preliminary results of research conducted at centers around the state in beef and dairy cattle, swine, meat science, plant pathology, sorghum and wheat breeding, cropping systems, irrigation engineering, cover crops, weed science, entomology, range management, turfgrass, and other areas. Research is supported by federal and state funds, grants, and Kansas State University.

Recent Content

Research Reports

Agricultural Research Center-Hays

Beef Cattle

Beef Cattle Management

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Effects of Almond Hull Inclusion on Growth Performance of Limit-Fed Growing Cattle
Z. M. Duncan, Z. L. DeBord, M. G. Pflughoeft, K. J. Suhr, W. R. Hollenbeck, F. K. Brazle, E. C. Titgemeyer, K. C. Olson, and D. A. Blasi

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Effects of Biuret and Lasalocid (Bovatec) Inclusion into a Commercial Mineral Supplement on Growth Performance of Yearling Calves Grazing in the Kansas Flint Hills
M. G. Pflughoeft, Z. M. Duncan, Z. L. DeBord, W. R. Hollenbeck, F. K. Brazle, E. C. Titgemeyer, K. C. Olson, and D. A. Blasi

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Effects of Limit Feeding and Shade Allocation on Growing Calf Performance, Water Usage, and Animal Comfort
Z. L. DeBord, Z. M. Duncan, M. G. Pflughoeft, K. J. Suhr, W. C. Ellis, W. R. Hollenbeck, S. P. Montgomery, T. J. Spore, E. C. Titgemeyer, D. A. Blasi, and A. J. Tarpoff

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Effects of Prescribed-Fire Timing on Stocker Cattle Performance, Forage Biomass Accumulation, and Native Plant Species Composition
Z. M. Duncan, A. J. Tajchman, J. Lemmon, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi, and K. C. Olson

Beef Cattle Reproduction

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Field Trial Assessing the Use of Sex-Sorted Semen in Beef Cattle
K. W. Aubuchon, J. A. Odde, C. Bronkhorst, E. M. Bortoluzzi, M. J. Goering, K. E. Fike, and K. G. Odde

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Challenges Associated with Semen Quality While Collecting Beef Bulls for Semen Freezing
A. R. Hartman, N. M. Goodenow, S. K. Tucker, K. E. Fike, and D. M. Grieger

Beef Cattle Nutrition

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Effect of Ruminally-Protected Lysine Supplementation to Growing Cattle on Growth and Subsequent Finishing Performance
K. J. Hazlewood, M. S. Grant, D. A. Blasi, G. A. Ducharme, and E. C. Titgemeyer

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Effects of Betaine on Protein Deposition in Growing Cattle with Modulated Methyl Group Status
M. S. Grant, J. M. Marsh, K. J. Hazlewood, M. D. Miesner, and E. C. Titgemeyer

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Effects of Choline on Neutrophil Function and Inflammation in Growing Cattle with Modulated Methyl Group Status
M. S. Grant, H. D. Aufdemberge, B. J. Bradford, L. K. Mamedova, and E. C. Titgemeyer

Breeding Herd Nutrition and Management

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Effects of the Age of Newborn Pigs Receiving an Iron Injection on Suckling and Subsequent Nursery Performance and Blood Criteria
H. Williams, C. D. Roubicek, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and A. Holtcamp

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Effects of Fe Dosage in Newborn Pigs on Preweaning and Subsequent Nursery Performance
H. Williams, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and A. Holtcamp

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Effects of a Bacillus-Based Probiotic on Sow Performance and on Progeny Growth Performance, Fecal Consistency, and Fecal Microflora
M. B. Menegat, K. M. Gourley, M. B. Braun, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, J. Bryte, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

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Effect of Lysine-Fermentation By-Product on Urine pH and Total Urine Bacteria Count in Lactating Sows
K. M. Gourley, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, and K. J. Touchette

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The Effects of Maternal Dietary Supplementation of Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and 25(OH)D3 on Sow and Progeny Performance
M. T. Thayer, J. L. Nelssen, A. J. Langemeier, J. Morton, J. M. Gonzales, S. R. Kruger, Z. Ou, A. J. Makowski, and J. R. Bergstrom

Canola

Cattle Nutrition

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Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Lean Growth and Methionine Flux in Cattle
M. Ardalan, M. D. Miesner, C. D. Reinhardt, D. U. Thomson, C. K. Armendariz, and E. C. Titgemeyer

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Smartamine M Supplementation Reduces Inflammation but Does Not Affect Performance in Receiving Beef Heifers
M. S. Grant, H. F. Speer, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, N. D. Luchini, D. A. Blasi, and E. C. Titgemeyer

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Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn Containing an Alpha Amylase Expression Trait Improves Digestibility in Growing Calf Diets
M. A. Johnson, T. J. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, C. S. Kubick, J. S. Garzón, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, C. I. Vahl, E. D. Watson, and D. A. Blasi

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Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn Silage Containing an Alpha Amylase Expression Trait Improves Feed Efficiency in Growing Calf Diets
M. A. Johnson, T. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, E. D. Watson, and D. A. Blasi

Corn

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How Relevant is High-Cadence Earth Observation for Maize Crop Phenology Classification?
L. Nieto, R. Houborg, A. Zajdband, A. Jumpasut, P. V. Vara Prasad, B. J. S. C. Olson, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Corn Tiller Yield Contributions are Dependent on Environment: A 17 Site-Year Kansas Study
R. L. Veenstra, D. Berning, P. Carter, S. Wallace, M. Legleiter, L. Currie, C. D. Messina, P. V. Vara Prasad, T. J. Hefley, L. A. Haag, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Corn Tiller Yield Contributions and Ear Development in Low Plant Densities
R. Veenstra, C. D. Messina, D. Berning, S. Wallace, M. Legleiter, L. Haag, P. V. Prasad, and I. A. Ciampitti

Cropping and Tillage Systems

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Large-Scale Dryland Cropping Systems
A. Schlegel, L. Haag, and A. Burnett

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Wheat and Grain Sorghum in Four-Year Rotations
A. Schlegel, J. Holman, and A. Burnett

Cropping Systems Research

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Wheat Variety Test Results for South Central Kansas - 2021
J. Seiler, R. Hein, R. Flaming, J. Carr, K. Nordyke, R. Lollato, and B. C. Pedreira

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Southeast Kansas Winter Wheat Variety Test Results - 2021
G. Sassenrath, L. Mengarelli, J. Lingenfelser, and X. Lin

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Using Cover Crops to Control Weeds and Improve Soil Health
J. Dille, A. Hewitt, and G. Sassenrath

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Crop Production Summary - 2021
G. Sassenrath, L. Mengarelli, J. Lingenfelser, M. Knapp, and X. Lin

Dairy Cattle: Dairy Foods

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Development of a High Protein Dairy Snack Based on German-Style Quark Cheese
Y. Ou, K. S. Babu, P. Thorakkattu, K. Getty, and J. Amamcharla

Dairy Cattle: Economics

Dairy Cattle: Foreword

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Foreword
B. Bradford

Dairy Cattle: Milk Processing

Dairy Cattle: Nutrition and Feeding

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Effects of Pre-Cutting Round Alfalfa Hay Bales on Forage Quality and Processing Time
W. E. Brown, E. Harms, J Heimsoth, J. McGinnis, C. I. Vahl, B. J. Bradford, and M. J. Brouk

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Combined Risk Factors and Digestive Disorders in Mid-Lactation Holstein Cows: A Case Study
S. T. Quanz, L. K. Mamedova, M. J. Brouk, P. Gott, and B. J. Bradford

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Identifying a Milk-Replacer and Weaning Strategy for Holstein Calves Using Automated Behavioral Measures of Lying and Environmental Enrichment Device Use
E. M. Bortoluzzi, T. M. Hill, L. L. Deikun, L. A. Ruiz, M. J. Goering, T. S. Dennis, F. X. Suarez-Mena, J. D. Quigley, R. L. Schlotterbeck, M. V. Alonso, R. Mazloom, M. Jaberi-Douraki, and L. E. Hulbert

Dairy Cattle: Physiology and Management

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Resynchronizing Returns to Estrus after a Prior Insemination
J. S. Stevenson and J. A. Sauls-Hiesterman

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Deliberate Exercise of Pregnant Holstein Heifers Improves Milk Composition During Lactation
J. Johnson, P. Steichen, B. J. Bradford, A. E. Rhodes, and T. G. Rozell

Dairy Cattle: Supplemental Content

Department of Agronomy

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Biochar and Nitrogen Effects on Winter Wheat Growth
T. E. Zee, N. O. Nelson, and G. Newdigger

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Impact of Cover Crops and Phosphorus Fertilizer Management on Nutrient Cycling in No-Tillage Corn-Soybean Rotation
R. E. Carver, N. O. Nelson, D. S. Abel, K. Roozeboom, G. J. Kluitenberg, P. J. Tomlinson, and J. R. Williams

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Response of Drought-Tolerant Hybrids to Environmental Yield Potential
T. Newell, K. Roozeboom, I. A. Ciampitti, Eric Adee, G. Cramer, J. D. Holman, and A. Schlegel

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Soybean: Evaluation of Inoculation
I. A. Ciampitti, Eric Adee, J. Kimball, and G. I. Carmona

East Central Kansas Experiment Field

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Corn Yield Response to Plant Populations
D. E. Shoup, Eric Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Balanced Nutrition and Crop Production Practices for Closing Sorghum Yield Gaps
B. McHenry, Eric Adee, J. Kimball, P. V. Vara Prasad, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Corn Yield Response to Plant Populations
D. E. Shoup, E. A. Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

East Central Kansas Experiment Field

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Corn Yield Response to Plant Populations
D. E. Shoup, Eric Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Balanced Nutrition and Crop Production Practices for Closing Sorghum Yield Gaps
B. McHenry, Eric Adee, J. Kimball, P. V. Vara Prasad, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Corn Yield Response to Plant Populations
D. E. Shoup, E. A. Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

Feed Manufacturing Research

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Effects of Grinding Almond Hulls with a Hammermill on Particle Size and Bulk Density
Zachary M. Duncan, Haley K. Wecker, Zachary L. DeBord, Chad B. Paulk, K. C. Olson, and Dale Blasi

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The Impact of Fines Inclusion Level and Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Quality and Energy Consumption
M. Saensukjaroenphon, Caitlin E. Evans, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Evaluating Hammermill Tip Speed, Air Assist, and Screen Hole Diameter on Ground Corn Characteristics
Michaela B. Braun, Kara M. Dunmire, Haley K. Wecker, Chad B. Paulk, Charles R. Stark, Michael W. Sodak, Maks Kapetanovich, Jerry Shepherd, Randy Fisher, and Kyle Coble

Feed Processing in the Swine Industry

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The Effect of Pellet Mill Production Rate and Knife Distance on Pellet Quality
C. E. Evans, R. J. Beeman, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark

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Effects of Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Quality of Nursery Pig Diets
G. E. Nichols, C. R. Stark, A. M. Ogles, K. M. Dunmire, and C. B. Paulk

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The Effects of Filter Type and Warm-Up Time on Pellet Durability Index Using the Holmen NHP100 Portable Pellet Tester
C. E. Evans, R. N. Kort, M. Saensukjaroenphon, H. K. Wecker, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark

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Evaluating Soybean Meal Quality Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
K. M. Dunmire, J. Dhakal, K. Stringfellow, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

Feed Safety Research

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Inoculation of Weaned Pigs by Feed, Water, and Airborne Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:-
Olivia L. Harrison, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk, Brandon L. Plattner, Jason C. Woodworth, Susan Rensing, Cassandra K. Jones, and Valentina Trinetta

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Evaluating a Dry vs. Wet Disinfection in Boot Baths on Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus RNA
Olivia L. Harrison, Grace E. Houston, Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Otott, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Jason C. Woodworth, Chad B. Paulk, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Cassandra K. Jones

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Assessment of Soy-Based Imports into the US and Associated Foreign Animal Disease Status
Allison K. Blomme, Cassandra K. Jones, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effect of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oil Blends on Viral Load in Swine Feed and Vitamin Premix
Allison K. Blomme, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Jianfa Bai, and Chad B. Paulk

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Prevalence and Distribution of African Swine Fever Virus in Swine Feed After Mixing and Feed Batch Sequencing
C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmina Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Jurgen A. Richt

Finishing Pig Nutrition and Management

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Evaluation of a Commercial Model for Predicting Growth Performance of Pigs with Varying Diet Composition and Stocking Density
M. B. Menegat, F. Wu, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

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Economic Model for Optimum Standardized Total Tract Digestible Phosphorus for Finishing Pigs
C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, U. A. Orlando, W. Cast, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, and J. M. DeRouchey

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Effect of Die Retention Time on Pellet Quality and Phytase Stability of a Corn-Soybean Meal Swine Diet
M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. E. Evans, C. K. Jones, C. H. Fahrenholz, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark

Forage Crops

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Fertilization Management to Improve Stockpiled Tall Fescue in the Fall
B. C. Pedreira, D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, and G. Sassenrath

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Impact of Fertility and Mowing on Crabgrass Quantity and Quality for Hay Production in Southeast Kansas
B. C. Pedreira, D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, and G. Sassenrath

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Bermudagrass Under Different Fertility and Harvest Management Practices
B. C. Pedreira, D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, and G. Sassenrath

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Impact of Fertility and Mowing on Crabgrass Quantity and Quality for Hay Production in Southeast Kansas
D. Helwig, M. Haywood, J. K. Farney, B. C. Pedreira, and G. F. Sassenrath

Grain Sorghum

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Sorghum Grain Filling and Dry Down Dynamics for Hybrids Released Over the Past Six Decades in the US
P. A. Demarco, L. Mayor, P. V. Prasad, C. D. Messina, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Dryland Sorghum Nitrogen Management: Implications for Utilization as Ethanol Feedstock
K. A. Gehl, L. Haag, J. Warren, S. Sharma, and P. J. Tomlinson

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Physiological Changes Across Historical Sorghum Hybrids Released During the Last Six Decades
P. A. Demarco, L. Mayor, S. Tamagno, J. A. Fernandez, P. V. Vara Prasad, J. L. Rotundo, C. D. Messina, and I. A. Ciampitti

Insect Control

Irrigation

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A Tribute to Freddie R. Lamm
D. Rogers, J. Aguilar, and A. R. Tomlinson

Kansas River Valley Experiment Field

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Grain Sorghum Response to Water Supply and Environment
J. Broeckelman, G. J. Kluitenberg, K. Roozeboom, G. Cramer, Eric Adee, A. Schlegel, J. D. Holman, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Sudden Death Syndrome and Soybean Planting Date
Eric Adee, C. R. Little, and I. A. Ciampitti

Management Practices

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Historical Characterization of Sorghum Grain Filling Dynamics
J. Grünberg, A. J. P. Carcedo, P. A. Demarco, L. Mayor, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Yield Response to Nitrogen Management in a Corn-Soybean Sequence in North Central Kansas – 2021 Season
A. A. Correndo, O. Lanza Lopez, L. F. A. Almeida, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Spring and Summer Cover Crop Effects on Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Yields in Western Kansas
L. M. Simon, A. K. Obour, J. D. Holman, S. K. Johnson, and K. L. Roozeboom

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Cover Crop Grazing Effects on Soil Compaction Indicators in Western and Central Kansas
L. M. Simon, A. K. Obour, J. D. Holman, S. K. Johnson, and K. L. Roozeboom

Meat Science

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Evaluating the Effect of Accelerated Aging at Different Temperature and Time Points on Beef Quality and Enzyme Activity of Lower Quality Beef Cuts
H. Jeneske, C. K. Chun, S. Hene, L. A. Koulicoff, H. Aufdemberge, J. L. Vipham, T. G. O'Quinn, and M. D. Chao

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Change in Myoglobin Denaturation Among Three Degrees of Doneness of Three Muscles
E. S. Beyer, K. J. Farmer, E. G. Kidwell, S. G. Davis, K. M. Harr, K. R. Lybarger, L. A. Egger, M. D. Chao, M. D. Zumbaugh, J. L. Vipham, M. C. Hunt, and T. G. O'Quinn

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Consumer Sensory Evaluation of the Impact of Bone-In Versus Boneless Cuts on Beef Palatability
K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, S. G. Davis, K. M. Harr, M. D. Chao, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, and T. G. O'Quinn

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Consumer Sensory Evaluation of Ground Beef and Plant-Based Ground Beef Alternatives Used in a Taco Application
L. A. Egger, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, K. R. Lybarger, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, and T. G. O'Quinn

North Central Kansas Experiment Field

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Grain Sorghum Yield Response to Water Availability
J. P. Broeckelman, G. J. Kluitenberg, K. Roozeboom, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Late-Season Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Soybean
G. R. Balboa, D. R. Hodgins, and I. A. Ciampitti

Nursery Pig Nutrition and Management

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Determining the Effects of Tryptophan Biomass on Growth Performance of 25- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs
M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and K. D. Haydon

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Effects of Soybean Meal Level on Growth Performance of 25- to 50-lb Nursery Pigs
H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

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Effect of Viligen™, Feed Form, and Storage Time on Fumonisin Concentrations in Corn
Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena

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Efficacy of Commercial Products on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs Fed Diets with Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn
Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and H. Calderon Cartagena

Pet Food Research

Poultry Research

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Growth Performance of Broilers in Response to Increasing Concentration of Multiple Mycotoxins in Contaminated Corn
Allison K. Blomme, Khairy I. Jenkins, Kara M. Dunmire, Nelsa M. Beckman, Haley K. Otott, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effects of Dietary Amino Acid Density and Exogenous Protease Inclusion on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Turkeys
Courtney N. Truelock, Haley K. Wecker, Christopher J. Delfelder, Caitln E. Evans, Miguel A. Barrios, Charles R. Stark, Robert S. Beyer, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effect of Metabolizable Energy and Crumble Quality of the Diet on Growth Performance of Broilers
Nelsa M. Beckman, Khairy I. Jenkins, Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Otott, Kara M. Dunmire, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effect of Feed Form, Corn Particle Size, and Extrusion of Corn on Broiler Performance
Marut Saensukjaroenphon, Caitlin E. Evans, Cassandra K. Jones, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effects of Dietary Amino Acid Density and Exogenous Protease Inclusion on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal AA Digestibility in Broilers
Haley K. Wecker, Courtney N. Truelock, Christopher J. Delfelder, Caitlin E. Evans, Renan A. Donadelli, Charles G. Aldrich, Miguel A. Barrios, Charles R. Stark, Robert S. Beyer, John M. Gonzalez, and Chad B. Paulk

Soil and Water Management

Soil Fertility

Southeast Agricultural Research Center

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Soil and Water Management

Southwest Research-Extension Center

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Interaction of Seeding and Nitrogen Rate on Grain Sorghum Yield in Southwest Kansas
A. J. Foster, A. Schlegel, J. D. Holman, I. A. Ciampitti, C. Thompson, and D. Ruiz Diaz

Soybean

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Do Late Season Soybean Management Practices Impact Seed Yields in East Kansas?
A. A. Correndo, L. F. A. Almeida, E. Adee, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Soybean Seed Yield Productivity and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Kansas
L. F. A. Almeida, A. A. Correndo, E. Adee, S. Dooley, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Co-Inoculation and Sulfur Fertilization in Soybeans
L. H. Moro Rosso, A. F. de Borja Reis, S. L. Naeve, and I. A. Ciampitti

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Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization in Soybean: Impact on Seed Yield and Quality
L. H. Moro Rosso, W. D. Carciochi, S. L. Naeve, P. Kovács, S. N. Casteel, and I. A. Ciampitti

Sow Nutrition and Management

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Effects of Weaning Age and Antibiotic Use on Pig Performance in a Commercial System
J. E. Faccin, M. W. Allerson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

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Effects of High Phytase Supplementation in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance
K. L. Batson, H. Calderon Cartagena, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and J. M. DeRouchey

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Effects of Oceanfeed Swine Feed Additive on Performance of Sows and Their Offspring
L. Del Tuffo, F. Laskoski, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, L. A. Constance, M. Niederwerder, and E. Arkfeldt

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Effects of Soybean Meal Concentration in Lactating Sow Diets on Sow and Litter Performance
K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

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Effect of Feeding Duration of Increased Lysine and Energy Prior to Farrowing on Sow Performance and Colostrum Quality
K. M. Gourley, A. J. Swanson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, and R. D. Goodband

Section 1. Sow Research

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The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts Included in Lactation Diets on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli in Sows
Jenna A. Chance, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Victor Ishengoma, T. G. Nagaraja, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Qing Kang, Joseph A. Loughmiller, and Brian Hotze

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The Effect of Live Yeast and Yeast Extracts Included in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance
Jenna A. Chance, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joseph A. Loughmiller, and Brian Hotze

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Decreasing Corn Particle Size Increases Metabolizable Energy When Fed to Gestating Sows
Gage E. Nichols, Caitlin E. Evans, Julia P. Holen, Rachel N. Kort, Haley K. Wecker, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effects of Providing a Sensory Attractant Powder to Suckling Pigs in Late Lactation and After Weaning on Post-Weaning Pig Performance
M. R. Wensley, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Denny McKilligan, and Nathan Upah

Section 2. Nursery Pig Research

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Influence of Feed Grade Amino Acid Inclusion Level in Late Nursery and Grower Diets Fed to Pigs from 21 to 75 lb
Hadley R. Williams, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad W. Hastad, Zach B. Post, and Keith D. Haydon

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Evaluation of Vomitoxin Control Strategies on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Blood Measures
Larissa L. Becker, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Arnau Vidal, and Christos Gougoulias

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Evaluation of Vegetable Protein Sources on Nursery Pig Performance in a Commercial Environment
Rafe Q. Royall, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Keith D. Haydon

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Determining the Phosphorus Release of GraINzyme Phytase in Nursery Pigs
Larissa L. Becker, Madie R. Wensley, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, R. Michael Raab, and Philip A. Lessard

Section 3. Finishing Pig Research

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Effects of the Pelleting Process on Diet Formulations with Varying Levels of Crystalline Amino Acids and Reducing Sugars on Nursery Pig Growth Performance
Kara M. Dunmire, Michaela B. Braun, Yiqin Zhang, Cassandra K. Jones, Yonghui Li, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Adam C. Fahrenholz, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Estimating the Net Energy Value of Expelled, Extruded Soybean Meal When Fed to Nursery Pigs
Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Wecker, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effects of Reducing the Digestible Lysine and Tryptophan to Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance of Grow-Finish Pigs
Andres F. Tolosa, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Craig Steck, and Matt L. Wolfe

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Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Corn-Wheat Midds-Based Diets on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Late Finishing Pigs
Julia P. Holen, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Chad W. Hastad, and Zach B. Post

Section 4. Feed Safety Research

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Evaluation of Biosecurity Measures on a Commercial Swine Operation Using Glo Germ Powder as a Visible Learning Aid
Olivia L. Harrison, Payton L. Dahmer, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk, Jason C. Woodworth, and Cassandra K. Jones

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Prevalence and Distribution of African Swine Fever Virus in Swine Feed After Mixing and Feed Batch Sequencing
C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmen Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Jurgen A. Richt

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Assessment of Soy-Based Imports into the US and Associated Foreign Animal Disease Status
Allison K. Blomme, Cassandra K. Jones, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, and Chad B. Paulk

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Feed Mitigant Efficacy for Control of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus when Inoculated Alone or Together in Feed
C. Grace Elijah, Gage E. Nichols, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Steve S. Dritz, Jianfa Bai, Joe W. Anderson, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Aaron Singrey, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effect of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oil Blends on Viral Load in Swine Feed and Vitamin Premix
Allison K. Blomme, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Elizabeth Poulsen Porter, Jianfa Bai, and Chad B. Paulk

Section 5. Swine Health and Disease Management

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Detection and Investigation of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus within a Breed-to-Finish Farm and Off-Site Nursery and Finisher Locations
C. Grace Elijah, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Rachel Palinski, Chad B. Paulk, Tom Petznick, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Sunflower

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Irrigated Sunflowers in Northwest Kansas: Productivity and Canopy Formation
F. Lamm, R. M. Aiken, A. A. AbouKheira, and G. J. Seiler

Swine Health and Disease Management

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Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Application in Swine Feed on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
A. B. Lerner, R. A. Cochrane, J. T. Gebhardt, S. S. Dritz, C. K. Jones, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, E. Porter, J. Anderson, P. C. Gauger, D. R. Magstadt, J. Zhang, B. Bass, T. P. Karnezos, B. de Rodas, and J. C. Woodworth

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Genome Diversity and Molecular Detection of PRRS Field Strains and Vaccine Strains, and PCV3 and PCV2 Strains
Y. Wang, F. Yuan, X. Liu, W. Zheng, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Yoon, L. Peddireddi, Y. Fang, G. Anderson, and J. Bai

Section 1. Swine Nutrition Research

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Practical Application of Sample Size Determination Models for Assessment of Mortality Outcomes in Swine Field Trials
J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, N. Cernicchiaro, A. L. Dixon, D. G. Renter, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

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Evaluation of Compensatory Growth of 200 lb Finishing Pigs Previously Fed a Low Lysine Diet
Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and Robert D. Goodband

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Evaluation of Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Growth Rate of Pigs Beyond 200 lb Body Weight
Z. X. Rao, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband

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Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio on Growth and Carcass Performance of Finishing Pigs Fed Ractopamine HCl
H. E. Williams, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, and J. A. Soto

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Determining the Effects of Manganese Source and Level in Diets Containing High Levels of Copper on Growth Performance of Growing-Finishing Pigs
H. R. Kerkaert, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and N. E. Manzke

Section 2. Feed Science Research

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Moisture Content Throughout the Pelleting Process and Subsequent Effects on Pellet Quality
H. K. Wecker, R. N. Kort, C. J. Fiehler, A. M. Ogles, J. R. Froetschner, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk

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Evaluation of Conditioning Temperature and Die Specifications on Nursery Pig Performance
M. B. Braun, K. M. Dunmire, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, J. C. Woodworth, and C. B. Paulk

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Effect of Dietary Formic Acid and Lignosulfonate on Pellet Quality
G. E. Nichols, C. R. Stark, A. M. Ogles, C. N. Truelock, N. M. Beckman, T. S. Winowiski, and C. B. Paulk

Section 3. Feed Safety Research

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Efficacy of Feed Additives Against Swine Viruses in Feed
G. E. Nichols, J. T. Gebhardt, C. K. Jones, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, J. Bai, J. W. Anderson, E. Porter, F. B. Sandberg, A. Singrey, and C. B. Paulk

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Evaluating the Distribution of African Swine Fever Virus Within a Feed Mill Environment Following Manufacture of Inoculated Feed
C. G. Elijah, J. D. Trujillo, C. K. Jones, N. N. Gaudreault, C. R. Stark, K. R. Cool, C. B. Paulk, T. Kwon, J. C. Woodworth, I. Morozov, J. T. Gebhardt, and J. A. Richt

Section 4. Swine Health Research

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Using a CO2 Surgical Laser for Piglet Castration to Reduce Pain and Inflammation, and to Improve Wound Healing
A. V. Viscardi, C. A. Cull, M. D. Kleinhenz, S. Montgomery, A. Curtis, K. Lechtenberg, and J. F. Coetzee

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Feces of Finisher Pigs Have a Low Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli that are of Public Health Importance
R. G. Amachawadi, X. Shi, J. Bai, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and T. G. Nagaraja

Swine Research

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Effect of Percent Fines in Pelleted Diets on Growth Performance of Grow-Finish Pigs During Three Phases of Production
Patrick A. Badger, Haley K. Otott, Adam Donnelly, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Decreasing Corn Particle Size Increases Metabolizable Energy When Fed to Gestating Sows
Gage E. Nichols, Caitlin E. Evans, Julia P. Holen, Rachel N. Kort, Haley K. Wecker, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Estimating the Net Energy Value of Expelled, Extruded Soybean Meal When Fed to Nursery Pigs
Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Wecker, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Effects of the Pelleting Process on Diet Formulations with Varying Levels of Crystalline Amino Acids and Reducing Sugars on Nursery Pig Growth Performance
Kara M. Dunmire, Michaela B. Braun, Yiqin Zhang, Cassandra K. Jones, Yonghui Li, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Adam C. Fahrenholz, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

Weather

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Weather Information for Tribune
D. Bond and J. Slattery

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Field Station Weather Reports
E. Adee and M. Sittel

Weed Science

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Response of Conventional Sorghum to IMIFLEX, Zest WDG, and FirstAct
R. Liu, V. Kumar, M. Marrs, and T. L. Lambert

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Confirmation and Control of Imazamox-Resistant Shattercane
V. Kumar, R. Liu, T. L. Lambert, R. Perumal, and B. Bean

Wheat

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Winter Wheat Variety Response to Timing and Number of Fungicide Applications During the 2020–2021 Growing Season in Kansas
G. Cruppe, N. Giordano, L. Ryan, L. O. Pradella, J. R. Soler, L. M. Simão, B. Valent, and R. P. Lollato

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Wheat Variety-Specific Response to Seeding Rate Under Intensive Management Conditions in Western Kansas in 2020–2021
R. P. Lollato, N. Giordano, L. Ryan, L. M. Simão, J. R. Soler, and L. O. Pradella

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Wheat Grain Yield Response to Seed Cleaning and Seed Treatment as Affected by Seeding Rate During the 2020–2021 Growing Season in Kansas
R. P. Lollato, L. O. Pradella, L. Ryan, L. M. Simão, N. Giordano, J. R. Soler, and L. A. Haag

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Winter Wheat Response to Timing of Fungicide Application During the 2020–2021 Growing Season
G. Cruppe, N. Giordano, L. M. Simão, L. Ryan, L. O. Pradella, J. R. Soler, and R. P. Lollato

Full Reports

Section 1: Sow Nutrition and Management

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Pigs Weaned from Sows Fed a Feed Flavor Had Improved Nursery Performance, but Feed Flavor in the Nursery Diets did not Impact Performance
Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, and Jason C. Woodworth

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The Effect of Lactation Diets Supplemented with Krave AP on Sow and Litter Performance
Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, and Jason C. Woodworth

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Evaluation of Essential Fatty Acids in Lactating Sow Diets on Sow Reproductive Performance, Colostrum and Milk Composition, and Piglet Survivability
Julia P. Holen, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Ashley E. DeDecker, and Xochitl Martinez

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Effect of Sow Feeder Type and Drip Cooling on Sow Body Weight, Litter Performance, and Feeder Cleaning Criteria
Zhong-Xing Rao, Kyle Coble, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Section 2: Nursery Pig Nutrition and Management

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Effect of Benzoic Acid Feeding Strategy on Weanling Pig Growth Performance and Fecal Dry Matter
Katelyn N. Gaffield, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

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Effects of Varying the Acid-Binding Capacity-4 in Diets Utilizing Specialty Soy Products with or without Pharmacological Levels of Zinc on Nursery Pig Performance
Ethan B. Stas, Alan J. Warner, Chad W. Hastad, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

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Measurement of the Acid-Binding Capacity of Common Ingredients and Complete Diets Intended for Weanling Pigs
Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

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Evaluation of Clay-Based Binders and In-Feed Antimicrobials on Growth Performance and Biological Measurements in Nursery Pigs
Larissa L. Becker, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Ramya Kalam, Xiaorong Shi, and T. G. Nagaraja

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Effects of Folic Acid and Zinc Oxide on Nursery Pig Growth Performance
Larissa L. Becker, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Section 3: Growing and Finishing Pig Nutrition and Management

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Effect of Percent Fines in Pelleted Diets on Growth Performance of Grow-Finish Pigs During Three Phases of Production
Patrick A. Badger, Haley K. Otott, Adam Donnelly, Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk

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Characterizing Variation in Nursery Pig Growth Performance Based on Different Allotment Strategies
Jenna J. Bromm, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

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Evaluation of In-Barn Feeder Management Prior to Marketing to Reduce Feed Cost, Improve Carcass Yield, and Impact on Economic Return
Hilario M. Cordoba, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

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Effects of L-Carnitine Supplemented Throughout all Grow-Finish Phases or Only in Late Finishing on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs
Jamil E. G. Faccin, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Robert D. Goodband, and Jason C. Woodworth

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Effect of Increasing Manganese from Manganese Hydroxychloride on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Economics of Grow-Finish Pigs
Hilario M. Cordoba, Mikayla S. Spinler, Ethan B. Stas, Rafe Q. Royall, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, and Jordan T. Gebhardt

Section 4: Herd Health and Management

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Development of a Self-Emulsifying Adjuvant for Use in Swine Vaccines
Rachel Madera, Yulia Burakova, Lihua Wang, and Jishu Shi

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Persistence of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed and Feed Mill Environment over Time after Manufacture of Experimentally Inoculated Feed
Grace E. Houston, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konnor R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmina Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Juergen A. Richt

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Inoculation of Weaned Pigs by Feed, Water, and Airborne Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:-
Olivia L. Harrison, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk, Brandon L. Plattner, Jason C. Woodworth, Susan Rensing, Cassandra K. Jones, and Valentina Trinetta

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Evaluating a Dry vs. Wet Disinfection in Boot Baths on Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus RNA
Olivia L. Harrison, Grace E. Houston, Allison K. Blomme, Haley K. Otott, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Jason C. Woodworth, Chad B. Paulk, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Cassandra K. Jones

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Prevalence of Escherichia coli in a Swine Nursery Facility Pre- and Post-Disinfection
Macie E. Reeb, Kellen Habib, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, and Sara E. Gragg

Swine Day Endnotes

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Swine Day Report Foreword and Acknowledgments
R. D. Goodband, J. T. Gebhardt, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, and J. C. Woodworth